Framometer.



PATENTED NOV. 24, 1.903.

0. W. BONES.

FRAMOMETER. APPLiOATIQN FILED JULY 11, 1993.

lllglll I NO MODEL.

J an @Ecnms Zia/anion WZam flames,

TN: ona s PE rzns w mwoumm WASHINGTON o c are. 745,271.

UNITED STATES Fatented November 24, 1901i PATENT OFFICE.

CLIFTON WELTON BONES, OF AUSTIN, TEXAS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO HARRY F. HARVEY, OF AUSTIN, TEXAS.

FRATMOMETER.

lPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 745,271, dated November 24, 1903.

Application filed July 11, 1903. Serial No. 165,193. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CLIFTON WELTON BONES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Austin, in the county of Travis and State of Texas, have invented new and useful Improvements in Framometers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to squares, or, as I have termed it, a framometer, the object m of the invention being to provide a simple and inexpensive article of this character adapted especially for employment by car 'penters and house-builders.

The peculiar construction of the device illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

forming a part of this specification, and involving the invention in one simple adaptation thereof, will be set forth at length in the following description, while I will also refer in said description to some of the uses of the implement. At this point, however, I wish to state that I do not limit myself to the ex-.

act disclosure made by said drawings and description.

2 5 Referring to said drawings, Figure l illustrates one face view of the tool; Fig. 2, an opposite face view thereof; and Fig. 3'is a sectional elevation, the section being taken through the angle of the square constituting 0 part of the device. Fig. 4 is a detail view of a portion of the blade of the square and shows the jack decrease scale hereinafter specified.

' Like characters refer to like parts through- 3 5 outthe several figures.

The device includes in its construction a square consisting of a blade 2 and a tongue 3, set at right angles to each other, like an ordinary carpenters square. The blade and tongue are united bya protractor 4, the three parts being preferably made'of steel. The blade 2 is longer than the tongue 3, each of said parts having upon its opposite faces transverse lines 5, indicating inch-marks, the blade {being twelve inches long, while the tongue is eight inches, each mark being properly designated. The protractor 4: is divided into degree-marks along or near what might be considered its outer edge, the numbers indicating the degree-marks extending in opposite directions, and they, with the degreemarks, appear upon the face of the protractor shown in Fig. 1.

What I have termed a stock or arm 6 is provided in connection with the square, said stock or arm being preferably made of wood and consisting of parallel sections which traverse the opposite faces of the protractor 4 and are spaced or separated at or near their outer ends by a block or filling-piece. The said stock or arm is pivoted to the square at the juncture of the blade and tongue thereof or at the angle of said parts bya set-screw -7,

by freeingwhich the stock or arm may be freely swung in opposite directions to bring a straight edge thereon into coincidence with certain lines or marks upon the protractor or to hold the same in adjusted position to aid in making certain bevelcuts hereinafter described. The respective sections of the stock or arm 6 are slotted, as at 8, the slots registering with each other and one wall of each being beveled to a straight edge, as at 9, which straight edge may be brought into coincidence with the marks upon the marks or transverse lines upon the protractor 4 to indicate certain bevel cuts, as will hereinafter moreparticularly appear.

Upon the face of the blade shown in Fig. l are longitudinal lines 10, arranged in paral- 8o lelism, upon which are arranged rows offigures placed .under the respective inch-marks for which the rafter is supposed to cover in feet, each row being preceded by a fraction for indicating the pitch of the rafter-thatis, 8 5 the first row is preceded by the fraction i the second by the fraction the third by the fraction and the fourth by the fraction 55, 7 these fractions appearing in the space between the fifth and sixth inch-marks. On the corresponding face of the protractor 4 are transverse lines 11, headed, respectively, by the fractions 1%, and i which indicate'the pitch of the rafters cut by following the table upon the face of 5 the blade shown in Fig. 1, the rafters in the present instance being those known as common ones, as is indicated upon said face. To the left of these pitch-marks are found variations from a right angle or square cut marked in inches, with subdivisions in quarters, on

the same face of the protractor, and centrally p located are marks indicating polygonal miters and numbered and properly spaced to indicate the number of sides to a polygon, these numbers being, respectively, 3, 4, n5, u ,77 10,7: and

The face of the implement shown in Fig. l is for determining the length and cuts of common rafters. The face of the implement shown in Fig. 2 is for indicating the length of hip-rafters. The face of the blade shown in Fig. 2 also has another table, and the purpose of this will hereinafter appear. Referring to said Fig. 2, the face of the blade is longitudinally lined, as at 12, the lines being in parallelism, and upon the same are arranged figures indicating the length of hip and valley rafters, the lengths of the same appearing under the inch-marks, which correspond in number to half the span of the roof in feet. Associated with the rows of figures are fractions indicating pitch-marks, the fractions being, respectively, i, and T1 On the face of the blade upon which the table for determining the length of the hip-rafters appears is an octagon scale for use in laying out octagon boards or beams, the same being denoted by 13. Near the heel of the blade in Fig. 2 is a scale showing jack decrease or the difference in length for onefourth, one-third, one-half pitch, spaced sixteen inches, eighteen inches, twenty inches, and twenty-four inches on centers-that is, from center to center of the jack-rafters. This table consists of longitudinal rows of figures (each denoted by 14) and preceded by fractions indicating the respective pitches, as one-fourth, one-third, and one-half. The said rows are so arranged that the respective figures are arranged in column order, the respective columns being headed by figures showing the distances between the jack-rafters, as 16 18, &c. This jack-decrease scale is shown clearly in Fig. 4. The corresponding face of the protractor 4 is graduated, as at 15 and 16, respectively, the graduations 15 indicating hip pitch, while the outermost graduations represent jack-miters, the respective marks, of course, being headed by the proper fractions.

1 It will be assumed that it is desired toframe a hip-roof having, for example, eighteen feet span and one-third pitch. Referring first to Fig. 1 to find the length of common rafters, the pitch is first found, it appearing at the commencement of the second row of figures extending longitudinally of the blade. Follow the line of the second row to the inchmark 9, because nine feet is the length that one common rafter should cover. Under the inch-mark 9 is found ten feet nine inches, which indicates the length of the common rafter. To determine the cuts, reference is had to the protractorblade. The fraction is first found, and when this is done the handle or arm 6 is manipulated until the straight edge 9 of the slot 8 is brought into registration with the one-thirdpitch mark, at which point the stock or arm is fastened by tightening up the set-screw 7, which gives the desired cut of the common rafter. Now take what might be considered the reverse side of the tool. (Shown in Fig. 2.) The pitch-mark is found, and the column and the line of figures with which it is associated is followed to the inch-mark 9, this being half the span. At said inchmark 9 are found fourteen feet two inches, the length of the hip or valley rafter. Reference is then had to the protractor, and especially to the circular line of marks indicating hip pitch. The stock or arm 6 is freed and moved to bring the straight edge 9 into coincidence with the one thirdpitch mark, which gives the desired cut. The next requirement is for jack-miters. The length of the longest one is one decrease shorter than the common rafter, it being assumed that the rafters are to be spaced twenty-four inches on center. By referring to the table of jack decrease we find that in the line of figures indicating one-third pitch and under the numeral 24., indicating the distances between centers, two feet five inches. Thisindicates the length of the first or shortest jack-rafter, the second being twice as long and the third three times as long, &c., the plumb and level cuts being the same as for common rafters; but they must be mitered, of course, to fit against the hip-rafters. To do thus, we refer to the protractor to a scale marked jackmiter and to the fraction Set the stock or arm, as before indicated, to bring the straight edge into coincidence with the fraction associated with the jack-miter table, which gives the proper miter or side bevel of the jack-rafter.

The uses hereinbefore described are those to which the tool is put in roofing. The tool may be used in other connections. For example, it will be assumed that it is desired to cut the sill of a door-frame requiring a fall of one inch to the foot. Referring to Fig. 1 are given the proper variations under the roofpitch grad nations. The stock or arm is shifted, as hereinbefore described, to bring the straight-edge portion thereof into line with the mark numbered 1, whichwill give the proper bevel. In case it is desired to build a veranda to have a fall of one-quarter of an inch to the foot the straight edge of the stock is brought into coincidence with the one fourthinch subdivision in the firstinch, which will give the proper inclination. 1f the user wishes to miter a mold around a hexagon, the stock or arm 6 will be shifted to bring the straight edge thereof into coincidence with the numeral 6 under polygonal miters on the protractor-blade, which will give the proper miter. Should it be desired to make an octagonal beam from a square stick of timber ten inches on each side, the octagon scale in Fig. 2 on the blade 2 is resorted to.

Ten of the divisions are taken with a pair of dividers. The center is found on one side, and one point of the dividers is placed on the center, with the other toward the edge. The one toward the edge will give the line to form the octagonal beam or board.

To lay out a bay-window ten feet in diameter, step from center each way twelve steps for the corner of the octagon. Twelve times ten inches is ten feet. It will be seen that the regular pitches are: One-fourth pitch is six inches to the foot of run, one-third pitch is eight inches rise to the foot of run, onehalf pitch is twelve inches rise to the foot of run, and three-fourths pitch is eighteen inches rise to the foot of run. These regular pitches 177M 77-1 77 are marked on the drawings fie, Gothic. The Gothic rafter is equa in length to the whole span. The irregular pitches five, seven, nine, 650., inches to the foot are indicated by short lines between the regular pitches of the protractor-blade.

The improved device is highly beneficial and useful for mechanics. It consists of a square, protractor, and a stock or arm which can be readily made and assembled,the square and protractor having tables of length, angles, bevels, and miters, as well as indexes for determining the measurements, bevels, &c.

I have hereinbefore specified several ways in which the square or framometer may be used. It may be advantageously employed in many other fields, among which may be mentioned stair and bridge building.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is- 1; A device of the class described, consisting of a blade and a tongue disposed at right angles to each other, a protractor uniting the said parts, the blade being divided into inchmarks along both faces and having on said faces longitudinally-arranged rows of figures, each row of figures having associated therewith a fraction to indicate the pitch of a rafter, the figures on one side being for one kind of a rafter and those on the other side for a different kind of rafter and the protractor-blade having on its opposite faces graduations and fractions associated therewith to accord with those on the corresponding faces of the blade, and an arm pivoted at the angle of the blade and tongue and consisting of two sections embracing and traveling upon the protractorblade, the protractor-blade embracing portion of said sections-having registering slots, one wall of each having a straight edge.

2. A device of the class described, consist ing of a blade and a tongue disposed at right angles to each other, a protractor uniting the said parts, the blade being divided into inchmarks along both faces and having on said faces longitudinally-arranged rows of figures, each row of figures having associated therewith a fraction to indicate the pitch of a rafter, the figures on one side being for one kind of a rafter and those on the other side for a different kind of a rafter and the protractorblade having on its opposite faces graduations and fractions associated therewith to accord with those on the corresponding faces of the blade, and an arm pivoted at the angle of the blade and tongue consisting of two sections adapted to traverse the respective faces of the protractor, the sections of the'arm having slots registering with each other and one wall of each slot being beveled to a feather-edge.

3. A device of the class described, consisting of a blade'and a tongue disposed at right angles to each other, a protractor uniting said parts, the blade being divided into inch-marks along both faces and having on said faces longitudinally-arranged rows of figures each row of figures having associated therewith a fraction to indicate the pitch of a rafter, the figures on one side being for one kind of a rafter and those on the other side for a different kind of rafter and the protractor-blade having on its opposite faces graduations and fractions associated therewith to agree with those on the corresponding faces of the blade and one of the faces of the blade having a scale to indicate jack-decrease spaces and an octagon scale, and'an arm pivoted at the angle of the blade and tongue and embracing.

nesses.

CLIFTON WELTON BONES. Witnesses:

R. M. ARMSTRONG, FRED. T. MOSELEY. 

